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> 3-Nitropropanoic acid [504-88-1]

3-Nitropropanoic acid [504-88-1]

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Référence HY-W012875-1mL

Conditionnement : 10mM/1mL

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Description

3-Nitropropanoic acid (β-Nitropropionic acid) is an irreversible and orally active inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. 3-Nitropropanoic acid exhibits potent antimycobacterial activity with a MIC value of 3.3 μM. 3-Nitropropanoic acid can induce cell apoptosis[1][2].

IC50 & Target

succinate dehydrogenase[1]
Cellular Effect
Cell Line Type Value Description References
HepG2 IC50
692.5 μM
Compound: 3-NP
Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTS assay
Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTS assay
[PMID: 24953953]
Vero CC50
<524.9 μM
Compound: 3-NP
Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
[PMID: 21840711]
In Vitro

3-Nitropropanoic acid (5 mM, 3 h) induces autophagy and disrupts mitochondrial morphology in SH-SY5Y cells[3].
3-Nitropropanoic acid (5 mM, 24 h) induces oxidative stress and apoptosis of granulosa cells in geese[4].
3-Nitropropanoic acid (0-15 mM, 48 h) induces cell death in cultured rat hippocampal neurons[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

3-Nitropropanoic acid Related Antibodies

Western Blot Analysis[4]

Cell Line: Granulosa cells
Concentration: 5 mM
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Increaseed the levels of Bax, p53 and cleaved-Caspase 3 proteins, and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2.
In Vivo

3-Nitropropanoic acid (20 mg/kg, i.p., BW/day for 4 days) induces oxidative stress, and increases lipid peroxidation in brain regions of the Wistar rat[6].
3-Nitropropanoic acid (100-200 mg/kg, i.p.) evokes seizures in mice[7].

Note:
Please do not refer to only one article to determine the experimental conditions. It is recommended to determine the optimal experimental conditions (animal strain, age, dosage, frequency and cycle, detection time and indicators, etc.) through preliminary experiments before the formal experiment.

3-Nitropropionic acid (20 mg/kg, i.p., once daily for 4 days) induces neural oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, evidenced by increased protein carbonyls, lipid peroxidation products, and decreased succinate dehydrogenase activity in the striatum and corte[6].
3-Nitropropionic acid (5-10 mg/kg, i.p., once daily for 14 days) increases succinate levels in all neuroanatomical regions, decreases taurine and GABA in the majority of brain regions, whereas altered lipid profiles were observed only in the globus pallidus and dorsal striatum[8].
3-Nitropropionic acid (10 mg/kg, i.p., every 4 days, total 4 times or more) exhibits hyperactivity, reaching a plateau after the third injection day 12 , then showing hypoactivity from the fourth injection day 16 onwards[9].
3-Nitropropionic acid causes spatial learning deficits, motor abnormalities, reduction in striatal area, enlargement of lateral ventricles, and striatal cell loss[10].

Induction of Huntington's Disease (HD)[6][8][9][10][11]
Background
3-Nitropropionic acid irreversibly inhibits the mitochondrial citric acid cycle and leads to depressed ATP levels and elevated lactate concentrations, leading to impaired oxidative energy metabolism. This ultimately results in a selective striatal degeneration and results in a progressive locomotor deterioration.
Specific Modeling Methods
1. Rats: Wistar rats • male • 3-month-old
Administration: 3-Nitropropanoic acid 20 mg/kg • i.p. • once daily, total 4 days;
2. Rats: Sprague Dawley rats • male • 16-week-old
Administration: 3-Nitropropanoic acid 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg • i.p. • once daily, total 14 days (Due to behavioral perturbations, the high dose (10 mg/kg) animals received a reduced dose of 7.5 mg/kg from day three onwards);
3. Rats: Sprague Dawley rats • male • 8-week-old
Administration: 3-Nitropropanoic acid 10 mg/kg • i.p. • every 4 days, total 4 times or more;
4. Rats: Sprague Dawley rats • male • 400-450 g
Administration: 3-Nitropropanoic acid 750 nmol/side (in 1 μL PBS) • bilateral intrastriatal injection (AP = + 1.5 mm; ML = ± 2.5 mm; DV = - 4.5 mm) • single dose
Note
(1) For chronic experiments, especially high-dose groups, the dosage must be adjusted flexibly based on changes in animal weight and behavioral responses. A pre-set fixed dosage may lead to excessively high mortality or model failure due to individual differences.
(2) The duration of a single injection into each striatum should be strictly controlled to be no less than 2 minutes. After injection, the needle should be left in place for 5 minutes before being slowly withdrawn. This procedure aims to prevent backflow of the medication along the injection path and ensure local deposition of the toxin in the target area.
Modeling Indicators
Molecular changes: increased MDA, 4-HDA, protein carbonyls, and superoxide dismutase activity; decreased succinate dehydrogenase activity; decreased NAA and NAAG; decreased GABA and taurine; decreased phosphatidylcholine.
Histology analysis: striatal cavitation, selective loss of medium spiny neurons, and reactive gliosis, lateral ventricle enlargement.
Behavioral analysis:hyperactivity (early-stage), hypoactivity (late-stage).

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Masse moléculaire

119.08

Formule

C3H5NO4
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to yellow

SMILES

O=C(O)CC[N+]([O-])=O
Structure Classification
Initial Source

fungi
Livraison

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Stockage

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

Solvant et solubilité
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 125 mg/mL (1049.71 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H2O : 100 mg/mL (839.77 mM; Need ultrasonic)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 8.3977 mL 41.9886 mL 83.9772 mL
5 mM 1.6795 mL 8.3977 mL 16.7954 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.17 mg/mL (18.22 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.17 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (21.7 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (17.47 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Pureté et documentation
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