Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acétate (PMA), un ester de phorbol, est un activateur double SphK et protéine kinase C (PKC).
Phorbol 12-Myristat 13-Acetat (PMA), ein Phorbolester, ist ein doppelter SphK- und Proteinkinase C (PKC) -Aktivator.
Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a phorbol ester, is a dual SphK and protein kinase C (PKC) activator. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate is a NF-κB activator. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces differentiation in THP-1 cells.
Nos produits utilisent uniquement pour la recherche. Nous ne vendons pas aux patients.
Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate Chemical Structure
CAS No. : 16561-29-8
This product is a controlled substance and not for sale in your territory.
Total lysates from cells are analyzed for the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by Western blot analysis in the treatment of different concentrations of PMA and PDD.
MDA-MB-231 cells are pretreated with PPD for 24 h followed by exposure to 50 ng/mL of PMA for 30 min. The whole cell lysates are analyzed by Western blot for the activation of MAPK.
Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in:
Front Mol Neurosci. 2017 Aug 7;10:247.
[Abstract]
Bar graphs show levels of GABAAR-α2 mRNA and GABAAR-α2 protein in BLA of control mice treated with BLA-injection of H89 or GF109203X (GFX); in MPTP-mice treated with BLA-injection of PMA, or the co-administration of quinpirole and H89 (quin/+H89) or GF109203X (quin/+GFX).
Powered by Bioz
See more details on Bioz
Voir tous les produits spécifiques à Isoform PKC:
Voir toutes les isoformes
Voir tous les produits spécifiques à Isoform NF-κB:
Voir toutes les isoformes
Description
Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a phorbol ester, is a dual SphK and protein kinase C (PKC) activator[1][2]. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate is a NF-κB activator. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces differentiation in THP-1 cells[3][7].
IC50 & Target[1][7]
PKC
11.7 nM (EC50)
NF-κB
In Vitro
In order to examine the role of PKC in p38MAPK phosphorylation, the cells are stimulated with the PKC activator, Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (100 nM), which mimics the binding of DAG, the natural activator of PKC, to the C1 region of the PKCs. p38MAPK phosphorylation by PMA is observed in the two cell types similar to that observed by GnRH in αT3-1 cells, that is, a slow sustained activation (3.2-fold and 3.6-fold, respectively at 30 min). The paradoxical findings that PKCs activated by GnRH and PMA play a differential role in p38MAPK phosphorylation may be explained by differential localization of the PKCs. Basal, GnRH- and PMA- stimulation of p38MAPK phosphorylation in αT3-1 cells is mediated by Ca2+ influx via voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and Ca2+ mobilization, while in the differentiated LβT2 gonadotrope cells it is mediated only by Ca2+ mobilization[2].
THP-1 cells are differentiated into macrophage-like cells (THP-1 macrophages) by incubation in the presence of PMA (200 ng/mL; 1-5 days), which leads to a macrophage-like phenotype characterized by changes in morphology and increased cell surface expression of CD11 and CD14[3].
In the monocytic cell line THP-1, PMA results in a more differentiated phenotype than VD3, according to adherence, loss of proliferation, phagocytosis of latex beads, and expression of CD11b and CD14[5].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate Related Antibodies
In Vivo
Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate can be used in animal modeling to construct eczema-like models. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) is a PKC agonist, which reverses the damage induced by 5-hydroxydecanoic acid (5-HD). Thus, activation of the mitoKATP protected mitochondrial function in SOD and MDA via the PKC pathway[4].
1. Induction of oedema at ear[8]
Background
PMA induces a pronounced inflammatory response mediated by protein kinase C (PKC), specifically activating PLA2 to trigger inflammation.
Specific Mmodeling Methods
Mice: Swiss mouse • Female • 25-30 g Administration: Topically applied in one ear • 100 μg/mL in 20 μL (2 μg/ear) vehicle • single dose
Modeling Indicators
Appearance monitoring: The thickness difference between the left and right ears increases significantly. Indicator changes: Increased vascular permeability.
PMA induces a pronounced inflammatory response mediated by protein kinase C (PKC), specifically activating PLA2 to trigger inflammation.
Specific Mmodeling Methods
Rats: Wistar • male • adult with weight of 200-220 g Mice: Swiss albino • male • 25-30 g Administration: Topically applied in one ear • 2.5 μg in 20 μL vehicle • single dose
Note
Administration should be conducted 4 h before mouse were killed.
Modeling Indicators
Appearance monitoring: The quality difference between the left and right ears increases significantly. Indicator changes: Stimulate macrophages to produce superoxide anions.
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (162.12 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Ethanol : 100 mg/mL (162.12 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Preparing Stock Solutions
ConcentrationSolventMass
1 mg
5 mg
10 mg
1 mM
1.6212 mL
8.1060 mL
16.2119 mL
5 mM
0.3242 mL
1.6212 mL
3.2424 mL
10 mM
0.1621 mL
0.8106 mL
1.6212 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
*Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day. The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Protocol 1
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.05 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μLDMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 2
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (4.05 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.5 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μLDMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Protocol 3
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.05 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μLDMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μLCorn oil, and mix evenly.
Protocol 4
Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.05 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 5
Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (4.05 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.5 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Protocol 6
Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.05 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μLCorn oil, and mix evenly.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
Dosage
mg/kg
Animal weight (per animal)
g
Dosing volume (per animal)
μL
Number of animals
Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO+
%
+
%
Tween-80
+
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO,
. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
, Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration:
mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution:
mg
drug dissolved in
μL
DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take
μL DMSO stock solution, add
μL .
μL , mix evenly, next add
μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add
μL Saline.
Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution
If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
[1]. Sergio E. Alvarez, et al. Autocrine and paracrine roles of sphingosine-1-phosphate. TRENDS in Endocrinology and Metabolism Vol.18 No.8
[2]. Zhang T, et al. MPTP-Induced Depletion in Basolateral Amygdala via Decrease of D2R Activation Suppresses GABAA Receptors Expression and LTD Induction Leading to Anxiety-Like Behaviors. Front Mol Neurosci. 2017 Aug 7;10:247.
[Content Brief]
[3]. Schwende H, et al. Differences in the state of differentiation of THP-1 cells induced by phorbol ester and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Leukoc Biol. 1996;59(4):555-561.
[Content Brief]
[4]. Mugami S, et al. Differential roles of PKC isoforms (PKCs) and Ca2+ in GnRH and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulation of p38MAPK phosphorylation in immortalized gonadotrope cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2017 Jan 5;439:141-154.
[Content Brief]
[5]. Starr T, et al. The phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate differentiation protocol is critical to the interaction of THP-1 macrophages with Salmonella Typhimurium. PLoS One. 2018;13(3):e0193601. Published 2018 Mar 14.
[Content Brief]
[6]. Hou S, et al. Mechanism of Mitochondrial Connexin43's Protection of the Neurovascular Unit under Acute Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci. 2016 May 5;17(5). pii: E679.
[Content Brief]
[7]. Heng-Ching Wen, et al. PMA inhibits endothelial cell migration through activating the PKC-δ/Syk/NF-κB-mediated up-regulation of Thy-1. Sci Rep. 2018 Nov 2;8(1):16247.
[Content Brief]
Test cellulaire
[2]
αT3-1 and LβT-2 cells are grown in monolayer cultured in DMEM in humidified incubator 5% CO2 at 37°C. Serum starvation is with 0.1% FCS in the same medium for 16 h. GnRH and PMA are then added for the length of time as indicated. In general, αT3-1 cells are transiently transfected by ExGen 500 or by jetPRIME, while LβT2 cells only by jetPRIME transfection reagent. For experiments with dominant-negative (DN) PKCs, αT3-1 cells (in 6 cm plates) are transfected with 1.5 μg of p38α-GFP with 3 μg of control vector, pCDNA3, or with 3 μg of the DN-PKCs constructs. For LβT2 cells, transfections are performed (in 10 cm plates) with 4 μg of p38α-GFP along with 9 μg of control vector, pCDNA3, or with 9 μg of the DN-PKCs constructs. Approximately 30 h after transfection, the cells are serum starved (0.1% FCS) for 16 h and later stimulated with GnRH or PMA, washed twice with ice-cold PBS, treated with the lysis buffer, followed by one freeze-thaw cycle. Cells are harvested; following centrifugation (15,000×g, 15 min, 4°C) supernatants are taken for immunoprecipitation experiments[2].
MCE n'a pas confirmé de manière indépendante l'exactitude de ces méthodes. Ils sont pour référence seulement.
Administration animale
[3]
Rats[3] All experiments qre performed with male Wistar rats (weighing 250-280 g). One hundred and thirty-five Wistar rats are randomly divided into seven groups. (1) Rats in the sham group (n=21) are given a lateral cerebral ventricle injection of 0.9% normal saline; (2) Rats in the IR group (n=21) are given a lateral cerebral ventricle injection of 0.9% normal saline 30 min before middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO); (3) Rats in the Carbenoxolone (CBX) group (n=21) are given a lateral cerebral ventricle injection of CBX (5 μg/mL×10 μL) 30 min before MCAO; (4) Rats in the Sch-6783 group (n=21) are given a lateral cerebral ventricle injection of DZX (2 mM×30 μL) 30 min prior to MCAO; (5) Rats in the 5-HD group (n=21) are given a lateral cerebral ventricle injection of 5-HD (100 mM×10 μL), and after 10 min, DZX is injected 15 min prior to MCAO; (6) The rats in the DZX + Ro group (n=15) are given a lateral cerebral ventricle injection of DZX, and after 10 min, Ro-31-8425 (400 μg/kg) is injected 15 min prior to MCAO; (7) The rats in the 5-HD+PMA group (n=15) are given an intraperitoneal injection of PMA (200 μg/kg) after the injection of 5-HD and DZX.
MCE n'a pas confirmé de manière indépendante l'exactitude de ces méthodes. Ils sont pour référence seulement.
Références
[1]. Sergio E. Alvarez, et al. Autocrine and paracrine roles of sphingosine-1-phosphate. TRENDS in Endocrinology and Metabolism Vol.18 No.8
[2]. Zhang T, et al. MPTP-Induced Depletion in Basolateral Amygdala via Decrease of D2R Activation Suppresses GABAA Receptors Expression and LTD Induction Leading to Anxiety-Like Behaviors. Front Mol Neurosci. 2017 Aug 7;10:247.
[Content Brief]
[3]. Schwende H, et al. Differences in the state of differentiation of THP-1 cells induced by phorbol ester and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Leukoc Biol. 1996;59(4):555-561.
[Content Brief]
[4]. Mugami S, et al. Differential roles of PKC isoforms (PKCs) and Ca2+ in GnRH and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulation of p38MAPK phosphorylation in immortalized gonadotrope cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2017 Jan 5;439:141-154.
[Content Brief]
[5]. Starr T, et al. The phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate differentiation protocol is critical to the interaction of THP-1 macrophages with Salmonella Typhimurium. PLoS One. 2018;13(3):e0193601. Published 2018 Mar 14.
[Content Brief]
[6]. Hou S, et al. Mechanism of Mitochondrial Connexin43's Protection of the Neurovascular Unit under Acute Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci. 2016 May 5;17(5). pii: E679.
[Content Brief]
[7]. Heng-Ching Wen, et al. PMA inhibits endothelial cell migration through activating the PKC-δ/Syk/NF-κB-mediated up-regulation of Thy-1. Sci Rep. 2018 Nov 2;8(1):16247.
[Content Brief]
[1]. Sergio E. Alvarez, et al. Autocrine and paracrine roles of sphingosine-1-phosphate. TRENDS in Endocrinology and Metabolism Vol.18 No.8
[2]. Zhang T, et al. MPTP-Induced Depletion in Basolateral Amygdala via Decrease of D2R Activation Suppresses GABAA Receptors Expression and LTD Induction Leading to Anxiety-Like Behaviors. Front Mol Neurosci. 2017 Aug 7;10:247.
[3]. Schwende H, et al. Differences in the state of differentiation of THP-1 cells induced by phorbol ester and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Leukoc Biol. 1996;59(4):555-561.
[4]. Mugami S, et al. Differential roles of PKC isoforms (PKCs) and Ca2+ in GnRH and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulation of p38MAPK phosphorylation in immortalized gonadotrope cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2017 Jan 5;439:141-154.
[5]. Starr T, et al. The phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate differentiation protocol is critical to the interaction of THP-1 macrophages with Salmonella Typhimurium. PLoS One. 2018;13(3):e0193601. Published 2018 Mar 14.
[6]. Hou S, et al. Mechanism of Mitochondrial Connexin43's Protection of the Neurovascular Unit under Acute Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci. 2016 May 5;17(5). pii: E679.
[7]. Heng-Ching Wen, et al. PMA inhibits endothelial cell migration through activating the PKC-δ/Syk/NF-κB-mediated up-regulation of Thy-1. Sci Rep. 2018 Nov 2;8(1):16247.
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
*Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Optional Solvent
ConcentrationSolventMass
1 mg
5 mg
10 mg
25 mg
DMSO / Ethanol
1 mM
1.6212 mL
8.1060 mL
16.2119 mL
40.5298 mL
5 mM
0.3242 mL
1.6212 mL
3.2424 mL
8.1060 mL
10 mM
0.1621 mL
0.8106 mL
1.6212 mL
4.0530 mL
15 mM
0.1081 mL
0.5404 mL
1.0808 mL
2.7020 mL
20 mM
0.0811 mL
0.4053 mL
0.8106 mL
2.0265 mL
25 mM
0.0648 mL
0.3242 mL
0.6485 mL
1.6212 mL
30 mM
0.0540 mL
0.2702 mL
0.5404 mL
1.3510 mL
40 mM
0.0405 mL
0.2026 mL
0.4053 mL
1.0132 mL
50 mM
0.0324 mL
0.1621 mL
0.3242 mL
0.8106 mL
60 mM
0.0270 mL
0.1351 mL
0.2702 mL
0.6755 mL
80 mM
0.0203 mL
0.1013 mL
0.2026 mL
0.5066 mL
100 mM
0.0162 mL
0.0811 mL
0.1621 mL
0.4053 mL
Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate Related Classifications
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.
Téléphone : +1 850 650 7790