D(2) dopamine receptor

This gene encodes the D2 subtype of the dopamine receptor. This G-protein coupled receptor inhibits adenylyl cyclase activity. A missense mutation in this gene causes myoclonus dystonia; other mutations have been associated with schizophrenia. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. A third variant has been described, but it has not been determined whether this form is normal or due to aberrant splicing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

DRD2: Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase. Defects in DRD2 are associated with dystonia type 11 (DYT11); also known as alcohol-responsive dystonia. DYT11 is a myoclonic dystonia. Dystonia is defined by the presence of sustained involuntary muscle contractions, often leading to abnormal postures. DYT11 is characterized by involuntary lightning jerks and dystonic movements and postures alleviated by alcohol. Inheritance is autosomal dominant. The age of onset, pattern of body involvement, presence of myoclonus and response to alcohol are all variable. Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. 3 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.

Protein type: Membrane protein, multi-pass; Receptor, GPCR; Membrane protein, integral; GPCR, family 1

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 11q23

Cellular Component: axon; dendrite; integral to plasma membrane; nonmotile primary cilium; plasma membrane; synaptic vesicle membrane

Molecular Function: adrenoceptor activity; dopamine binding; dopamine D2 receptor-like receptor activity; drug binding; identical protein binding; protein binding

Biological Process: adenohypophysis development; adult walking behavior; arachidonic acid secretion; associative learning; axonogenesis; behavioral response to cocaine; behavioral response to ethanol; branching morphogenesis of a nerve; cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron migration; circadian regulation of gene expression; dopamine metabolic process; dopamine receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway; dopamine receptor, phospholipase C activating pathway; locomotory behavior; negative regulation of blood pressure; negative regulation of cell migration; negative regulation of cell proliferation; negative regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway; negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade; negative regulation of protein secretion; negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic; nerve-nerve synaptic transmission; peristalsis; phosphatidylinositol metabolic process; positive regulation of cytokinesis; positive regulation of dopamine uptake; positive regulation of growth hormone secretion; positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation; prepulse inhibition; protein localization; reduction of cytosolic calcium ion concentration; regulation of cAMP metabolic process; regulation of dopamine secretion; regulation of dopamine uptake; regulation of heart rate; regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity; regulation of potassium ion transport; regulation of sodium ion transport; regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic; regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by neurological process; release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol; response to amphetamine; response to cocaine; response to drug; response to light stimulus; response to morphine; response to toxin; sensory perception of smell; synaptic transmission, dopaminergic; synaptogenesis; thermoregulation; visual learning

Disease: Myoclonic Dystonia