SIAH1/2 Antibody

This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the seven in absentia homolog (SIAH) family. The protein is an E3 ligase and is involved in ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of specific proteins. The activity of this ubiquitin ligase has been implicated in the development of certain forms of Parkinson's disease, the regulation of the cellular response to hypoxia and induction of apoptosis. Alternative splicing results in several additional transcript variants, some encoding different isoforms and others that have not been fully characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

SIAH1: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. E3 ubiquitin ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin- conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. Mediates E3 ubiquitin ligase activity either through direct binding to substrates or by functioning as the essential RING domain subunit of larger E3 complexes. Triggers the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of many substrates, including proteins involved in transcription regulation (MYB, POU2AF1, PML and RBBP8), a cell surface receptor (DCC), the cell-surface receptor-type tyrosine kinase FLT3, the cytoplasmic signal transduction molecules (KLF10/TIEG1 and NUMB), an antiapoptotic protein (BAG1), a microtubule motor protein (KIF22), a protein involved in synaptic vesicle function in neurons (SYP), a structural protein (CTNNB1) and SNCAIP. Confers constitutive instability to HIPK2 through proteasomal degradation. It is thereby involved in many cellular processes such as apoptosis, tumor suppression, cell cycle, axon guidance, transcription regulation, spermatogenesis and TNF-alpha signaling. Has some overlapping function with SIAH2. Induces apoptosis in cooperation with PEG3. Upon nitric oxid (NO) generation that follows apoptotic stimulation, interacts with S- nitrosylated GAPDH, mediating the translocation of GAPDH to the nucleus. GAPDH acts as a stabilizer of SIAH1, facilitating the degradation of nuclear proteins. Homodimer. Interacts with group 1 glutamate receptors GRM1 and GRM5. Interacts with DAB1, which may inhibit its activity. Interacts with UBE2E2. Interacts with PEG3. Interacts with GAPDH; leading to stabilize SIAH1. Component of some large E3 complex composed of UBE2D1, SIAH1, CACYBP/SIP, SKP1, APC and TBL1X. Interacts with UBE2I. Interacts with alpha- tubulin. Interacts with PEG10, which may inhibit its activity. Interacts with KHDRBS3. Interacts with SNCAIP and HIPK2. May be induced by p53/TP53, suggesting that it may be required to modulate p53/TP53 response. The relevance of such activity in vivo is however unclear and may not exist. Widely expressed at a low level. Down- regulated in advanced hepatocellular carcinomas. Inhibited by interaction with SNCAIP (isoform 2, but not isoform 1). May be inhibited by interaction with PEG10. Belongs to the SINA (Seven in absentia) family. 3 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.

Protein type: EC 6.3.2.-; Ligase; Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Apoptosis; EC 6.3.2.19; Cell development/differentiation; Ubiquitin conjugating system; Ubiquitin ligase

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 16q12.1

Cellular Component: early endosome; cytoplasm; plasma membrane; beta-catenin destruction complex; nucleus; cytosol

Molecular Function: protein C-terminus binding; protein binding; zinc ion binding; ubiquitin-protein ligase activity; ligase activity

Biological Process: ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; nervous system development; axon guidance; anatomical structure morphogenesis; neuron apoptosis; protein destabilization; apoptosis; positive regulation of apoptosis; protein ubiquitination during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; spermatogenesis; protein catabolic process; cell cycle