Low endotoxin anti-human primary antibodies are immunoreagents specifically purified to minimize bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contamination, ensuring minimal immune activation in sensitive experimental systems. Produced by immunizing hosts such as mouse, rabbit, or rat with purified human antigens, these antibodies are affinity-purified using Protein A/G chromatography and subjected to additional endotoxin removal steps. Endotoxin levels are rigorously controlled, typically below 1.0 EU/mg as determined by the LAL or TAL assay, with many products achieving ≤ 0.01 EU/µg. These formulations are frequently supplied carrier-free in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), free of azide, BSA, and glycerol, making them conjugation-ready for fluorochromes, metal isotopes, enzymes, and oligonucleotides. Available specificities include anti-human CD markers (CD14, CD24, CD19, HLA Class I, TLR2), cytokines (TNF-α), and complement components (C3/C3b/iC3b).

Applications

Low endotoxin anti-human antibodies are specifically designed for applications where endotoxin contamination can compromise experimental outcomes. In live-cell assays and functional studies, including neutralization, blocking, and stimulation assays, low LPS levels help minimize unintended immune activation and preserve biological accuracy. In flow cytometry and mass cytometry (CyTOF), these reagents help reduce endotoxin-induced activation artifacts that can confound immunophenotyping results. Additional applications include ELISA, immunohistochemistry, immunoprecipitation, and in vivo studies requiring minimal inflammatory interference. Optimal antibody dilutions are application-dependent and require empirical determination. These reagents are intended for research use only and are not intended for diagnostic procedures.