Nystose is a tetraoligosaccharide fructan with the molecular formula C₂₄H₄₂O₂₁ and molecular weight of 666.58 g/mol, consisting of a terminal glucose unit linked to three fructose units via β-2,1 glycosidic bonds (GF₃ structure). It appears as white crystals, is highly water-soluble, and resists digestion by human enzymes, functioning as a prebiotic fermented by gut microbiota.
What is Nystose?
Nystose belongs to the fructooligosaccharide (FOS) family, formed by extension of 1-kestose (GF₂) with an additional fructose unit. It is found naturally in plants like chicory, dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), and burdock (Arctium umbrosum), as well as in maple syrup and grape products.
Biological Role
As a non-digestible carbohydrate, nystose selectively stimulates beneficial bacteria like bifidobacteria in the colon, producing short-chain fatty acids that support gut barrier function and immune health. It is analyzed in foods via HPLC for quality control due to its stability and polarity.
Sources and Applications
Sourced from hydrolyzed inulin or enzymatic synthesis, nystose is used in functional foods, sweeteners like Neosugar, and supplements for prebiotic benefits, with commercial standards available for research.
